The phenomenon of creating microscopic cavities in a solution by ultrasonic waves is called cavitation. Ultrasonic waves exert strong compressive force and decompressive force alternately in the solution and travel straight ahead, but when the decompressive force acts, a vacuum cavity is created in the solution, which is instantly filled by the gas dissolved in the solution and turns into a bubble. These bubbles are then compressed intermittently under compression force and have high energy, but are eventually crushed and eventually disappear. When these bubbles are pressed and crushed, an extremely large impact force is generated locally. This energy is known to be hundreds of atmospheres of pressure.

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